Apps deaktivieren

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    Android bietet über das App-Menü in den Einstellungen die Möglichkeit, installierte Apps zu deaktivieren, anstelle diese zu deinstallieren. Die Möglichkeit zur Deaktivierung wird immer dann angeboten, wenn eine Deinstallation nicht möglich ist, bspw. weil diese vorinstalliert sind und nicht auf der /data Partition gespeichert ist. In einigen Android-Versionen kann man ADB verwenden, um solche Apps zu deaktivieren, die nicht über die Oberfläche deaktiviert werden können.

    Die Debloater App System App Entferner (ROOT) von jumobile Play Store automatisiert und vereinfacht diesen Prozess auf Geräten mit root-Zugang.

    Die Anleitung dieser Seite benötigt kein root und erklärt wie dies mit Hilfe der ADB durchgeführt werden kann.[1]

    Das Deaktivieren der falschen App kann zu einem "soft brick" führen, d.h. das Gerät ist dann nicht mehr bedienbar. Daher Vorsicht walten lassen!

    Voraussetzung[edit | edit source]

    Zur Durchführung der folgenden Schritte ist folgendes sicherzustellen:

    Durchführung[edit | edit source]

    Deaktivierung[edit | edit source]

    Die App wird in den folgenden Schritten mit Hilfe von Androids Paketmanager (package manager - pm) versteckt (englisch hide).

    • Öffne ein Kommandozeilenfenster (bei Windows: Windows-Taste + R -> "cmd" eingeben und mit ENTER bestätigen)
    • Eine Shell auf dem Android-Gerät öffnen:
      adb shell
    • Anzeigen der Liste der installierten Pakete (aus dieser wird die zu deaktivierende App herausgesucht)
      pm list packages
    • Identifizieren des zu deaktivierenden Paketes (aus der Liste musst du das Paket finden, welches man deaktivieren möchte, i.d.R. enthält der Paketname einige Teile des App-Namens oder ist ähnlich) 
      $ pm list packages linked                                                                                   
package:com.linkedin.android
$
    • Nun kann das Paket deaktiviert werden, dabei gilt:
      • In Android 4.x Ice Cream Sandwich "Ice Cream Sandwich" heißt der Befehl enable¹ 
        pm enable PACKAGE_OR_COMPONENT
        (bspw. pm enable com.motorola.motocare)
      • In Android 4.4.4 KitKat "KitKat" heißt der Befehl block 
        pm block PACKAGE_OR_COMPONENT
        (bspw. pm block com.motorola.motocare)
      • In Android 5.0 Lollipop "Lollipop" heißt der Befehl hide 
        pm hide PACKAGE_OR_COMPONENT
        (bspw. pm hide com.motorola.motocare)
    • Nachdem der korrekte Befehl ausgeführt wurde, ist die App deaktiviert, die App ist aus dem App-Drawer verschwunden und, sollte die App einen Hintergrunddienst bereitgestellt haben, wurde dieser umgehend dauerhaft gestoppt.

    hide oder uninstall?[edit | edit source]

    [ OHNE ROOT ] Die Hilfe-Seite von Heise/Isabelle Bauer vom 1. März 2019 benutzt den Befehl 

    pm uninstall -k --user 0 {app-id}

    an.[2] Es könnte sich hier um wieder eine neuere Version des obigen Befehls mit restloser Entfernung handeln.

    disable-user[edit | edit source]

    In Gesperrter Umgebung (zum Beispiel Fire Tablets mit gesperrtem Launcher) funktioniert "disable" nicht mehr, dann muss man "disable-user" benutzen: statt

    • pm disable com.amazon.firelauncher

    dann

    • pm disable-user --user 0 com.amazon.firelauncher

    Reaktivierung der App[edit | edit source]

    Um eine deaktivierte App wieder zu aktivieren, muss wie in der oben gezeigten Anleitung verfahren werden. Allerdings wird anstelle des block oder hide Befehls bei:

    • Android 4.x Ice Cream Sandwich "Ice Cream Sandwich" der Befehl pm disable (bspw. pm disable com.motorola.motocare) ¹
    • Android 4.4.4 KitKat "KitKat" der Befehl pm unblock (bspw. pm unblock com.motorola.motocare)
    • Android 5.0 Lollipop "Lollipop" der Befehl pm unhide (bspw. pm unhide com.motorola.motocare)

    verwendet.

    Trivia[edit | edit source]

    • Anders als pm hide kann der Befehl pm disable (abgesehen von der darunterliegenden unterschiedlichen Funktionsweise) auch einzelne Komponenten von Apps deaktivieren, wohingegen pm hide nur die gesamte App verstecken kann.[3]
    • ¹Bei Versionen unter 4.4.4
      • muss auf das disable' zurückgegriffen werden,
      • das funktioniert aber erst, nachdem man sich root-Rechte geholt hat: Nach adb shell den Befehl su' eingeben und am Android-Gerät die Meldung bestätigen.


    Beispiele[edit | edit source]

    ID (Link zum Playstore) Name Grund
    com.motorola.motocare Moto Care
    com.motorola.ccc.ota Motorola-Updateservices Verhinderung der Installation einer neuen Android-Version
    com.motorola.genie Motorola Hilfe / Gerätehilfe
    com.motorola.contextual.smartrules2 Motorola Assist -- kann man aber auch unter Einstellungen/Apps deaktivieren!
    com.motorola.contextual.bodyguard Motorola Alert -- kann man aber auch unter Einstellungen/Apps deaktivieren!
    com.google.android.talk Hangouts wenn man Hangouts nicht nutzt
    com.google.android.launcher Google Now Launcher VORSICHT! Vorher einen anderen Launcher installieren!

    Beispiele aus den Foren:

    Befehle[edit | edit source]

    pm list packages[edit | edit source]

    pm list packages: prints all packages, optionally only
 those whose package name contains the text in FILTER.  
 (pm list packages -f com.google)  (Teil des Paketnamens können angehängt werden zum filtern)
Options:
   -f: see their associated file. (incl Datei und Pfad anzeigen)
   -d: filter to only show disbled packages. (nur deaktivierte anzeigen)
   -e: filter to only show enabled packages. (nur aktivierte anzeigen)
   -s: filter to only show system packages. (nur System-Pakete anzeigen)
   -3: filter to only show third party packages. (nur Pakete von Drittanbietern anzeigen)
   -i: see the installer for the packages. ()
   -u: also include uninstalled packages. (auch die deinstallierten anzeigen)

    pm hide[edit | edit source]

    pm hide [--user USER_ID] PACKAGE_OR_COMPONENT
pm unhide [--user USER_ID] PACKAGE_OR_COMPONENT

    pm block[edit | edit source]

    pm block [--user USER_ID] PACKAGE_OR_COMPONENT
pm unblock [--user USER_ID] PACKAGE_OR_COMPONENT

    pm enable[edit | edit source]

    (für enable/disable ist root nötig!) 

    pm enable [--user USER_ID] PACKAGE_OR_COMPONENT
pm disable [--user USER_ID] PACKAGE_OR_COMPONENT

    pm help[edit | edit source]

    Befehls Auflistung (pm/pm help) 

     help
   Print this help text.
 path [--user USER_ID] PACKAGE
   Print the path to the .apk of the given PACKAGE.
 dump PACKAGE
   Print various system state associated with the given PACKAGE.
 list features
   Prints all features of the system.
 has-feature FEATURE_NAME [version]
   Prints true and returns exit status 0 when system has a FEATURE_NAME,
   otherwise prints false and returns exit status 1
 list instrumentation [-f] [TARGET-PACKAGE]
   Prints all test packages; optionally only those targeting TARGET-PACKAGE
   Options:
     -f: dump the name of the .apk file containing the test package
 list libraries
   Prints all system libraries.
 list packages [-f] [-d] [-e] [-s] [-3] [-i] [-l] [-u] [-U] 
     [--uid UID] [--user USER_ID] [FILTER]
   Prints all packages; optionally only those whose name contains
   the text in FILTER.  Options are:
     -f: see their associated file
     -d: filter to only show disabled packages
     -e: filter to only show enabled packages
     -s: filter to only show system packages
     -3: filter to only show third party packages
     -i: see the installer for the packages
     -l: ignored (used for compatibility with older releases)
     -U: also show the package UID
     -u: also include uninstalled packages
     --uid UID: filter to only show packages with the given UID
     --user USER_ID: only list packages belonging to the given user
 list permission-groups
   Prints all known permission groups.
 list permissions [-g] [-f] [-d] [-u] [GROUP]
   Prints all known permissions; optionally only those in GROUP.  Options are:
     -g: organize by group
     -f: print all information
     -s: short summary
     -d: only list dangerous permissions
     -u: list only the permissions users will see
 resolve-activity [--brief] [--components] [--user USER_ID] INTENT
   Prints the activity that resolves to the given INTENT.
 query-activities [--brief] [--components] [--user USER_ID] INTENT
   Prints all activities that can handle the given INTENT.
 query-services [--brief] [--components] [--user USER_ID] INTENT
   Prints all services that can handle the given INTENT.
 query-receivers [--brief] [--components] [--user USER_ID] INTENT
   Prints all broadcast receivers that can handle the given INTENT.
 install [-lrtsfdg] [-i PACKAGE] [--user USER_ID|all|current]
      [-p INHERIT_PACKAGE] [--install-location 0/1/2]
      [--originating-uri URI] [---referrer URI]
      [--abi ABI_NAME] [--force-sdk]
      [--preload] [--instantapp] [--full] [--dont-kill]
      [--force-uuid internal|UUID] [--pkg PACKAGE] [-S BYTES] [PATH|-]
   Install an application.  Must provide the apk data to install, either as a
   file path or '-' to read from stdin.  Options are:
     -l: forward lock application
     -R: disallow replacement of existing application
     -t: allow test packages
     -i: specify package name of installer owning the app
     -s: install application on sdcard
     -f: install application on internal flash
     -d: allow version code downgrade (debuggable packages only)
     -p: partial application install (new split on top of existing pkg)
     -g: grant all runtime permissions
     -S: size in bytes of package, required for stdin
     --user: install under the given user.
     --dont-kill: installing a new feature split, don't kill running app
     --originating-uri: set URI where app was downloaded from
     --referrer: set URI that instigated the install of the app
     --pkg: specify expected package name of app being installed
     --abi: override the default ABI of the platform
     --instantapp: cause the app to be installed as an ephemeral install app
     --full: cause the app to be installed as a non-ephemeral full app
     --install-location: force the install location:
         0=auto, 1=internal only, 2=prefer external
     --force-uuid: force install on to disk volume with given UUID
     --force-sdk: allow install even when existing app targets platform
         codename but new one targets a final API level
 install-create [-lrtsfdg] [-i PACKAGE] [--user USER_ID|all|current]
      [-p INHERIT_PACKAGE] [--install-location 0/1/2]
      [--originating-uri URI] [---referrer URI]
      [--abi ABI_NAME] [--force-sdk]
      [--preload] [--instantapp] [--full] [--dont-kill]
      [--force-uuid internal|UUID] [--pkg PACKAGE] [-S BYTES]
   Like "install", but starts an install session.  Use "install-write"
   to push data into the session, and "install-commit" to finish.
 install-write [-S BYTES] SESSION_ID SPLIT_NAME [PATH|-]
   Write an apk into the given install session.  If the path is '-', data
   will be read from stdin.  Options are:
     -S: size in bytes of package, required for stdin
 install-commit SESSION_ID
   Commit the given active install session, installing the app.
 install-abandon SESSION_ID
   Delete the given active install session.
 set-install-location LOCATION
   Changes the default install location.  NOTE this is only intended for debugging;
   using this can cause applications to break and other undersireable behavior.
   LOCATION is one of:
   0 [auto]: Let system decide the best location
   1 [internal]: Install on internal device storage
   2 [external]: Install on external media
 get-install-location
   Returns the current install location: 0, 1 or 2 as per set-install-location.
 move-package PACKAGE [internal|UUID]
 move-primary-storage [internal|UUID]
 pm uninstall [-k] [--user USER_ID] [--versionCode VERSION_CODE] PACKAGE [SPLIT]
   Remove the given package name from the system.  May remove an entire app
   if no SPLIT name is specified, otherwise will remove only the split of the
   given app.  Options are:
     -k: keep the data and cache directories around after package removal.
     --user: remove the app from the given user.
     --versionCode: only uninstall if the app has the given version code.
 clear [--user USER_ID] PACKAGE
   Deletes all data associated with a package.
 enable [--user USER_ID] PACKAGE_OR_COMPONENT
 disable [--user USER_ID] PACKAGE_OR_COMPONENT
 disable-user [--user USER_ID] PACKAGE_OR_COMPONENT
 disable-until-used [--user USER_ID] PACKAGE_OR_COMPONENT
 default-state [--user USER_ID] PACKAGE_OR_COMPONENT
   These commands change the enabled state of a given package or
   component (written as "package/class").
 hide [--user USER_ID] PACKAGE_OR_COMPONENT
 unhide [--user USER_ID] PACKAGE_OR_COMPONENT
 suspend [--user USER_ID] TARGET-PACKAGE
   Suspends the specified package (as user).
 unsuspend [--user USER_ID] TARGET-PACKAGE
   Unsuspends the specified package (as user).
 grant [--user USER_ID] PACKAGE PERMISSION
 revoke [--user USER_ID] PACKAGE PERMISSION
   These commands either grant or revoke permissions to apps.  The permissions
   must be declared as used in the app's manifest, be runtime permissions
   (protection level dangerous), and the app targeting SDK greater than Lollipop MR1.
 reset-permissions
   Revert all runtime permissions to their default state.
 set-permission-enforced PERMISSION [true|false]
 get-privapp-permissions TARGET-PACKAGE
   Prints all privileged permissions for a package.
 get-privapp-deny-permissions TARGET-PACKAGE
   Prints all privileged permissions that are denied for a package.
 get-oem-permissions TARGET-PACKAGE
   Prints all OEM permissions for a package.
 set-app-link [--user USER_ID] PACKAGE {always|ask|never|undefined}
 get-app-link [--user USER_ID] PACKAGE
 trim-caches DESIRED_FREE_SPACE [internal|UUID]
   Trim cache files to reach the given free space.
 create-user [--profileOf USER_ID] [--managed] [--restricted] [--ephemeral]
     [--guest] USER_NAME
   Create a new user with the given USER_NAME, printing the new user identifier
   of the user.
 remove-user USER_ID
   Remove the user with the given USER_IDENTIFIER, deleting all data
   associated with that user
 set-user-restriction [--user USER_ID] RESTRICTION VALUE
 get-max-users
 get-max-running-users
 compile [-m MODE | -r REASON] [-f] [-c] [--split SPLIT_NAME]
         [--reset] [--check-prof (true | false)] (-a | TARGET-PACKAGE)
   Trigger compilation of TARGET-PACKAGE or all packages if "-a".  Options are:
     -a: compile all packages
     -c: clear profile data before compiling
     -f: force compilation even if not needed
     -m: select compilation mode
         MODE is one of the dex2oat compiler filters:
           assume-verified
           extract
           verify
           quicken
           space-profile
           space
           speed-profile
           speed
           everything
     -r: select compilation reason
         REASON is one of:
           first-boot
           boot
           install
           bg-dexopt
           ab-ota
           inactive
           shared
     --reset: restore package to its post-install state
     --check-prof (true | false): look at profiles when doing dexopt?
     --secondary-dex: compile app secondary dex files
     --split SPLIT: compile only the given split name
 force-dex-opt PACKAGE
   Force immediate execution of dex opt for the given PACKAGE.
 bg-dexopt-job
   Execute the background optimizations immediately.
   Note that the command only runs the background optimizer logic. It may
   overlap with the actual job but the job scheduler will not be able to
   cancel it. It will also run even if the device is not in the idle
   maintenance mode.
 reconcile-secondary-dex-files TARGET-PACKAGE
   Reconciles the package secondary dex files with the generated oat files.
 dump-profiles TARGET-PACKAGE
   Dumps method/class profile files to
   /data/misc/profman/TARGET-PACKAGE.txt
 snapshot-profile TARGET-PACKAGE [--code-path path]
   Take a snapshot of the package profiles to
   /data/misc/profman/TARGET-PACKAGE[-code-path].prof
   If TARGET-PACKAGE=android it will take a snapshot of the boot image
 set-home-activity [--user USER_ID] TARGET-COMPONENT
   Set the default home activity (aka launcher).
 set-installer PACKAGE INSTALLER
   Set installer package name
 get-instantapp-resolver
   Return the name of the component that is the current instant app installer.
 set-harmful-app-warning [--user <USER_ID>] <PACKAGE> [<WARNING>]
   Mark the app as harmful with the given warning message.
 get-harmful-app-warning [--user <USER_ID>] <PACKAGE>
   Return the harmful app warning message for the given app, if present
 uninstall-system-updates
   Remove updates to all system applications and fall back to their /system version.

    <INTENT> specifications include these flags and arguments:
   [-a <ACTION>] [-d <DATA_URI>] [-t <MIME_TYPE>]
   [-c <CATEGORY> [-c <CATEGORY>] ...]
   [-n <COMPONENT_NAME>]
   [-e|--es <EXTRA_KEY> <EXTRA_STRING_VALUE> ...]
   [--esn <EXTRA_KEY> ...]
   [--ez <EXTRA_KEY> <EXTRA_BOOLEAN_VALUE> ...]
   [--ei <EXTRA_KEY> <EXTRA_INT_VALUE> ...]
   [--el <EXTRA_KEY> <EXTRA_LONG_VALUE> ...]
   [--ef <EXTRA_KEY> <EXTRA_FLOAT_VALUE> ...]
   [--eu <EXTRA_KEY> <EXTRA_URI_VALUE> ...]
   [--ecn <EXTRA_KEY> <EXTRA_COMPONENT_NAME_VALUE>]
   [--eia <EXTRA_KEY> <EXTRA_INT_VALUE>[,<EXTRA_INT_VALUE...]]
       (mutiple extras passed as Integer[])
   [--eial <EXTRA_KEY> <EXTRA_INT_VALUE>[,<EXTRA_INT_VALUE...]]
       (mutiple extras passed as List<Integer>)
   [--ela <EXTRA_KEY> <EXTRA_LONG_VALUE>[,<EXTRA_LONG_VALUE...]]
       (mutiple extras passed as Long[])
   [--elal <EXTRA_KEY> <EXTRA_LONG_VALUE>[,<EXTRA_LONG_VALUE...]]
       (mutiple extras passed as List<Long>)
   [--efa <EXTRA_KEY> <EXTRA_FLOAT_VALUE>[,<EXTRA_FLOAT_VALUE...]]
       (mutiple extras passed as Float[])
   [--efal <EXTRA_KEY> <EXTRA_FLOAT_VALUE>[,<EXTRA_FLOAT_VALUE...]]
       (mutiple extras passed as List<Float>)
   [--esa <EXTRA_KEY> <EXTRA_STRING_VALUE>[,<EXTRA_STRING_VALUE...]]
       (mutiple extras passed as String[]; to embed a comma into a string,
        escape it using "\,")
   [--esal <EXTRA_KEY> <EXTRA_STRING_VALUE>[,<EXTRA_STRING_VALUE...]]
       (mutiple extras passed as List<String>; to embed a comma into a string,
        escape it using "\,")
   [-f <FLAG>]
   [--grant-read-uri-permission] [--grant-write-uri-permission]
   [--grant-persistable-uri-permission] [--grant-prefix-uri-permission]
   [--debug-log-resolution] [--exclude-stopped-packages]
   [--include-stopped-packages]
   [--activity-brought-to-front] [--activity-clear-top]
   [--activity-clear-when-task-reset] [--activity-exclude-from-recents]
   [--activity-launched-from-history] [--activity-multiple-task]
   [--activity-no-animation] [--activity-no-history]
   [--activity-no-user-action] [--activity-previous-is-top]
   [--activity-reorder-to-front] [--activity-reset-task-if-needed]
   [--activity-single-top] [--activity-clear-task]
   [--activity-task-on-home] [--activity-match-external]
   [--receiver-registered-only] [--receiver-replace-pending]
   [--receiver-foreground] [--receiver-no-abort]
   [--receiver-include-background]
   [--selector]
   [<URI> | <PACKAGE> | <COMPONENT>]

    Einzelnachweise[edit | edit source]

    1. ↑ Vorlage:Internetquelle/Wartung/Zugriffsdatum nicht im ISO-FormatInterner Lua-Fehler: Der Interpreter beendet sich mit dem Status 127. In: Interner Lua-Fehler: Der Interpreter beendet sich mit dem Status 127. Abgerufen am 2016-10-10.Interner Lua-Fehler: Der Interpreter beendet sich mit dem Status 127.
    2. ↑ Android: Vorinstallierte Apps löschen ohne Root, zusätzlicher Text.
    3. ↑ Vorlage:Internetquelle/Wartung/Zugriffsdatum nicht im ISO-FormatInterner Lua-Fehler: Der Interpreter beendet sich mit dem Status 127. In: Interner Lua-Fehler: Der Interpreter beendet sich mit dem Status 127. Abgerufen am 2016-10-10.Interner Lua-Fehler: Der Interpreter beendet sich mit dem Status 127.
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